Marijuana is partially legal in Costa Rica. Recreational cannabis remains illegal, but medical marijuana is legal under a regulated framework introduced in recent years. 

Personal use is decriminalized, meaning possession for personal consumption is not penalized. At the same time, trafficking and unauthorized sales are serious criminal offenses under national drug laws.

Key Points to Keep in Mind

• Recreational cannabis is illegal, but personal use is decriminalized; possession may still lead to confiscation if police believe it is not for personal consumption.
• Medical cannabis is legal but tightly regulated, available only through licensed pharmacies with a Costa Rican medical prescription.
• Buying, selling, or transporting cannabis illegally remains a serious offense, and the same rules apply to both residents and tourists.

Cannabis Laws in Costa Rica: What Travelers Should Know

Cannabis laws in Costa Rica sit in a gray area that often confuses both residents and visitors. 

Recreational cannabis is illegal, but personal use is decriminalized, meaning consumption itself is not punished. That said, possession can still lead to confiscation, and the outcome depends on the circumstances. 

The law doesn’t define a legal amount, so police assess whether cannabis appears intended for personal use or distribution. Small quantities are typically seized, while larger amounts may result in arrest and criminal charges.

Medical cannabis and high-THC products are legal only within a regulated medical framework. CBD products exist, but must comply with health regulations. 

Notably, the law applies equally to locals and tourists, and public consumption can attract police attention even without explicit quantity limits.

Medical Cannabis Regulations in Costa Rica Explained

As of June 2025, new regulations allow cannabis-based medicinal products containing THC to be registered, approved, and sold through licensed pharmacies.

Access is limited to patients with a valid digital medical prescription issued by an authorized healthcare professional. Approved products include dried cannabis flowers and pharmaceutical forms such as capsules, tablets, creams, and oral liquids, all subject to strict quality, safety, and labeling standards. Medical cannabis is treated like any other controlled medication and is not sold freely. 

For tourists, access is very limited. Foreign visitors cannot legally purchase medical cannabis unless they obtain a Costa Rican prescription and meet local medical requirements, which is rarely practical for short stays. As a result, medical use is primarily designed for residents rather than for cannabis tourism or casual travel use.

How Cannabis Is Bought and Sold in Costa Rica

Recreational marijuana is not sold legally in dispensaries or shops, and any sale outside the medical framework is considered a criminal offense. 

For medical use, cannabis products containing THC can only be purchased through licensed pharmacies and require a valid Costa Rican medical prescription. There are no legal dispensaries similar to those found in some other countries, and tourists generally cannot legally buy cannabis, even for medical purposes, unless they meet local prescription requirements. 

Despite decriminalized personal use, cannabis is still commonly obtained through the informal or black market, which remains illegal and carries legal risks. It’s essential to understand that buying cannabis outside pharmacies is illegal and enforceable by law.

Rules on Cannabis Use in Public and Private Spaces

Although personal consumption is decriminalized, marijuana remains an illicit substance, which gives police the authority to confiscate it if someone is seen using it in public areas such as streets, parks, beaches, bars, or restaurants.

There is no specific law equivalent to tobacco-smoking bans, but public use can still lead to intervention. In private spaces, the situation is more nuanced.

Consuming cannabis in a private residence is generally tolerated if it does not cause complaints or public disturbance. However, hotels, hostels, and Airbnbs operate under their own policies, and many explicitly prohibit drug use, regardless of local tolerance.

Carrying cannabis is also a gray area: there is no legal quantity defined, and police assess whether it appears intended for personal use. Small amounts may be confiscated, while larger quantities can result in arrest and further investigation.

Crossing Borders With Cannabis: What to Know

Bringing cannabis into or out of Costa Rica is illegal, regardless of whether it is for personal, medical, or recreational use. This applies to marijuana flower, edibles, oils, and any products containing THC.

Costa Rican law doesn’t recognize foreign medical cannabis prescriptions, so arriving with cannabis (even if legally obtained elsewhere) can lead to serious legal consequences. 

If cannabis is discovered at customs, authorities may confiscate the substance and detain the traveler while the case is reviewed. Penalties can range from questioning and seizure to arrest, depending on quantity and circumstances. 

Airport security and customs checks are generally strict, especially at international entry points, where luggage is subject to inspection and drug detection measures.

Police Enforcement and Practical Risks for Visitors

Law enforcement in Costa Rica generally takes a pragmatic but inconsistent approach to cannabis. While personal use is decriminalized, marijuana remains an illicit substance, and police retain broad discretion.

Officers commonly confiscate cannabis found during stops, especially in public places, even when quantities are small. Arrests are more likely if the amount suggests intent to sell, transport, or traffic, which carries severe prison penalties.

In practice, most police actions involve small seizures rather than prosecutions, but this still poses inconvenience and risk for travelers. Corruption isn’t systemic, though tourists should remain cautious during encounters and avoid attempting bribes, which can worsen the situation.

 A common risk involves street-level scams, such as being sold cannabis by unauthorized sellers or being approached by intermediaries who disappear after payment.

Social Views on Cannabis in Costa Rica

Cannabis use in Costa Rica is increasing but remains socially mixed. While personal consumption is decriminalized, public opinion has not fully caught up with legal changes. 

Surveys and public health data show that cannabis use has grown steadily over the past few decades, particularly among younger adults. Yet, many Costa Ricans still associate marijuana with illegality or social stigma. 

As a result, open or visible use can attract judgment, especially in more traditional or rural areas. In urban centers, attitudes tend to be more relaxed, but discretion is still expected.

There is a small and fragmented cannabis community, primarily focused on medical use, policy reform, and harm reduction rather than tourism. Unlike destinations known for cannabis tourism, Costa Rica does not have an open social scene built around cannabis. 

For visitors, understanding these cultural attitudes helps avoid uncomfortable situations and reinforces the importance of keeping consumption private and respectful.

Practical Tips for Visitors on the Ground

When it comes to cannabis in Costa Rica, discretion is key. While locals may use informal terms like marihuana, mota, or simply weed, openly asking for cannabis (especially from strangers) can attract unwanted attention or put you at risk of scams or police involvement. 

There are no legal cannabis events, festivals, or weed-friendly venues comparable to those found in countries with regulated recreational markets. Any gathering centered on cannabis use would fall outside the law. 

Similarly, Costa Rica does not officially recognize 420-friendly accommodation. Hotels, hostels, and Airbnbs typically prohibit drug use under their house rules, even in private rooms. Some hosts may appear tolerant, but this is informal and never guaranteed. 

The safest approach is to avoid asking publicly, respect property rules, and understand that Costa Rica does not cater to cannabis tourism in a formal or legal way.

Final Considerations for Cannabis Travelers

Cannabis laws in Costa Rica remain complex and can change quickly, so it’s essential to always check the latest local rules before traveling or making assumptions based on past information. Marijuana is still an illicit substance, and enforcement can vary depending on the situation and location. 

For visitors, the safest approach is to travel smart, stay discreet, and act respectfully toward local laws and customs. Avoid public use, do not attempt to buy or transport cannabis illegally, and respect the policies of accommodations and private spaces. 

Costa Rica is not a destination built around cannabis tourism, and approaching it as such can lead to unnecessary legal or social issues. 

Cannabis in New Zealand remains illegal for recreational use, and possession is still an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. However, the country does allow legal medical cannabis under a regulated prescription system. While everyday use is not permitted, patients who meet medical criteria can legally access products such as dried flower or oils through licensed prescribers. 

New Zealanders rejected full legalisation in the 2020 referendum, so the broader framework has not changed.

For travellers researching is weed legal in New Zealand or looking for a reliable cannabis travel guide, the key point is that recreational use is still prohibited. Medical access is the only lawful pathway, and it applies only to residents with prescriptions, not to visitors.

Top things to remember

• Recreational cannabis is illegal, and possession can still lead to fines or prosecution.
• Medical cannabis is legal only with a local prescription, and tourists cannot access it.
• Cannabis tourism is not permitted, and public use or transport of cannabis can result in legal consequences.

Understanding New Zealand’s Cannabis Legal Framework

Cannabis laws in New Zealand are clear-cut: recreational use is illegal, and possession of any amount remains an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975.

Small, first-time possession cases may result in a warning, but the law still allows penalties of up to three months’ imprisonment or a fine of up to NZ$500.

Larger quantities can trigger a presumption of supply, and dealing offences carry significantly harsher sentences. Cultivation can lead to jail terms of up to seven years, while cannabis oil and hash, classified as class B drugs, attract even stricter penalties.

CBD products are regulated separately; they are legal when prescribed and must contain minimal THC. In contrast, THC-dominant products remain highly restricted outside the medical framework. 

These rules apply equally to residents and tourists, meaning visitors cannot rely on more lenient treatment.

Anyone planning cannabis travel should understand that New Zealand enforces its laws consistently, and cannabis in New Zealand for recreational purposes is neither tolerated nor decriminalised.

Medical Cannabis Rules and Patient Access in New Zealand

Medical cannabis is legal in New Zealand, but access is tightly controlled through a regulated prescription system.

Doctors can prescribe approved products when they believe a patient may benefit, most commonly for conditions involving chronic pain, sleep issues, or anxiety.

CBD medicines are easier to access, as they no longer require ministerial approval and are treated like standard prescription drugs. THC-containing products face stricter oversight and must meet the quality standards set by the Medicinal Cannabis Scheme. To qualify, patients must consult a registered New Zealand doctor who assesses whether medical cannabis is appropriate; there is no automatic eligibility based on diagnosis alone.

Visitors should not expect to obtain medical cannabis while travelling, as prescriptions are issued only within the local healthcare system and are not extended to tourists.

How Legal Cannabis Can Be Purchased in New Zealand

Legal purchasing options in New Zealand are limited to medical cannabis, which is only available through doctors and pharmacies. 

Patients must first consult a licensed practitioner, who determines whether a cannabis-based medicine is appropriate. If approved, the doctor either supplies the product directly or issues a prescription that a pharmacy fills.

These regulated products include CBD medicines and, in some cases, THC-based formulations that comply with the Medicinal Cannabis Scheme’s quality standards. 

Personal imports and online purchases are prohibited, and anything outside the medical supply chain is considered unlawful.

For recreational users, cannabis is not sold legally anywhere, meaning the only alternative is the black market. This option remains illegal and carries penalties under the Misuse of Drugs Act.

Rules on Where Cannabis Can Be Used in New Zealand

Because recreational cannabis remains illegal in New Zealand, there is no lawful setting for public consumption, and smoking or vaping cannabis in streets, parks, beaches, or other communal areas can result in penalties. Even medical cannabis users must follow strict guidelines: products should be used discreetly, and smoking dried flower is generally not encouraged outside private settings.

Hotels, motels, and Airbnbs often ban smoking of any kind under their property policies, and many will not permit the use of cannabis products regardless of prescription status. Travellers should always confirm house rules before assuming private use is allowed.

Carrying cannabis in public is only legal for patients who hold a valid prescription, and even then, it must remain in its original packaging and be transported responsibly. 

Tourists cannot carry any form of cannabis, including CBD, unless it is a non-psychoactive product legally obtained overseas within strict import limits.

Bringing Cannabis Into or Out of New Zealand

Travellers should be aware that bringing recreational cannabis into or out of New Zealand is strictly illegal, and customs officers enforce these rules closely. 

Anyone caught carrying cannabis without authorisation can face seizure of the product, fines, or prosecution under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Airport security is thorough, and luggage screening, detector dogs, and declaration checks make it unlikely that undeclared substances will go unnoticed.

The only exception applies to people who use prescribed medical cannabis. They may enter the country with a limited supply, provided the product was legally prescribed overseas, carried in its original packaging, and declared on arrival. 

A traveller may bring up to three months of a CBD medicine or one month of a THC-based medical product, provided they have documentation such as a prescription or a letter from their prescriber. These rules do not extend to tourists hoping to bring cannabis for recreational use.

When leaving the country, the same caution applies: travellers must check the legal status of medicinal cannabis in every destination and transit country, since some places prosecute possession regardless of prescription. 

New Zealand’s system is strict, and anyone planning cannabis travel should treat border controls as zero-tolerance unless they fall clearly within the medical exemption.

How Cannabis Laws Are Enforced and What Travellers Should Expect

Police enforcement of cannabis laws in New Zealand is generally professional and structured rather than corrupt or unpredictable. 

Although recreational cannabis is illegal, the realistic risk of arrest for small-scale possession is relatively low, especially for first-time offenders. Data from long-term studies show that only a small percentage of users are ever arrested, and even fewer face conviction. Minor offences are often handled through warnings or the Adult Diversion Scheme.

That said, enforcement is not relaxed enough to treat cannabis as tolerated. Police can and do issue fines, seize products, and prosecute cases involving larger quantities or evidence of supply. 

Travellers should also be cautious of informal sellers; black-market cannabis carries legal risks and sometimes involves scams such as inflated prices, low-quality products, or sellers who disappear once payment is made. 

Tourists are not granted leniency and may face the same consequences as residents.

Public Perception of Cannabis in New Zealand

While recreational use remains illegal, a large portion of the population supports some form of law reform, whether full legalisation or decriminalisation. 

Younger adults tend to view cannabis use as relatively normal, and voting patterns from the 2020 referendum showed the strongest support among people aged 18 to 25. Older generations are generally more conservative, and some social stigma remains, especially in professional or family settings.

Using cannabis openly in public is not socially accepted, and most people expect consumption (legal or illicit) to remain private. Travellers who use cannabis, even discreetly, may face judgment depending on where they are and who they are with. 

There is a local cannabis community, including advocacy groups and patients involved in the medical scheme, but it is not a public-facing scene comparable to countries with legal markets.

Practical Local Insights for Visitors

Locals may refer casually to “weed,” “green,” or “bud,” but these terms are used informally among trusted circles rather than in public spaces. 

Travellers should avoid approaching strangers, as this can attract unwanted attention and may involve legal risks or scams. 

Formal cannabis events or festivals are not part of the mainstream cultural landscape, and gatherings connected to reform movements tend to focus on advocacy rather than consumption.

New Zealand does not have designated 420-friendly accommodation, and most hotels, hostels, and short-term rentals maintain strict no-smoking policies. 

Even medical cannabis users must check house rules before using prescribed products indoors. 

New Zealand offers plenty of outdoor and cultural activities, but cannabis-related tourism infrastructure simply does not exist in the same way it does in legal jurisdictions.

Important Notes for Travellers

Anyone planning a trip with an interest in cannabis should approach New Zealand with caution and awareness. Laws can change quickly: always check the latest local rules before travelling, as updates to medical regulations or enforcement practices may occur.

Respecting local norms, accommodation policies, and legal boundaries will ensure a smooth visit. A responsible approach is essential for anyone consulting a cannabis travel guide, particularly in a country where the legal framework is still evolving but firmly prohibits recreational use.

Cannabis laws in Switzerland sit in a partially legal, partially restricted space. 

Cannabis in Switzerland is illegal for recreational use. Still, minor possession has been decriminalized since 2012 and now results in a fixed fine rather than criminal charges. 

Products containing less than 1% THC are legal nationwide, which is why low-THC “CBD cannabis” is widely available. 

Medical cannabis is permitted, but only under strict prescription rules.

Key Points to Keep in Mind

• Recreational cannabis with more than 1% THC is illegal, though possession of up to 10 grams for personal use is not penalised, and consumption typically leads to a CHF 100 fine.
• CBD products under 1% THC are legal, widely available, and regulated under food, cosmetic, or therapeutic laws rather than narcotics legislation.
• You cannot bring cannabis across borders, and tourists have no legal access to high-THC products or medical cannabis programs, even though pilot trials are underway for selected Swiss residents.

How Switzerland Regulates Cannabis Today

Switzerland takes a mixed approach to cannabis, combining prohibition with limited tolerance. 

Cannabis with more than 1% THC is illegal, and trading high-THC products such as hashish or marijuana can lead to criminal penalties. However, since 2012, possession of a small amount for personal use has been treated more leniently. 

Adults caught using cannabis may receive a CHF 100 fixed fine, but holding up to 10 grams for personal consumption is not punishable. Sharing the same small amount with another adult, as long as no money changes hands, is also exempt from fines.

The law draws a strict line between THC and CBD. Products containing under 1% THC, including hemp flowers, oils, balms, and drops, are legal. However, suppliers must follow detailed federal regulations on production and labelling. 

Residents and tourists are subject to the same rules, and both should note that “legal” CBD items can still cause detectable THC levels when driving, which is prohibited. 

Switzerland also permits certain adults to access regulated cannabis through scientific pilot trials, but this does not change national law. 

Travellers should be cautious when crossing borders, as low-THC products allowed in Switzerland may be illegal in neighbouring countries.

How Switzerland Handles Medical Cannabis Access

Switzerland allows the use of medical cannabis, but the system remains tightly regulated. 

Doctors can prescribe cannabis-based treatments without needing prior approval from the Federal Office of Public Health, a requirement that was lifted in August 2022. These prescriptions are generally reserved for patients dealing with conditions such as severe chronic pain, multiple sclerosis–related spasticity, or symptoms linked to chemotherapy. 

Only specific preparations are permitted, with one officially approved narcotic cannabis medicine available nationwide and a limited number of pharmacies authorised to produce tinctures or oil-based formulations. Cannabis flower or resin is not supplied as part of medical treatment.

Qualifying as a patient depends on a medical evaluation rather than a registration program, and individuals must usually cover the cost themselves, as insurance reimbursement is rare. 

Tourists cannot access medical cannabis in Switzerland, as prescriptions are issued within the country’s healthcare system and intended for residents under ongoing clinical supervision. 

Doctors must also contribute treatment data to a national monitoring system, which aims to strengthen research on the medical use of cannabis in Switzerland.

How and Where Cannabis Can Be Purchased in Switzerland

Buying cannabis in Switzerland depends entirely on THC content. 

Products containing less than 1% THC (often marketed as CBD cannabis) are legal and widely sold in specialist shops, tobacco stores, and online retailers. These items range from dried hemp flowers and extracts to capsules, oils, e-liquids, and topical products. 

Prices vary by retailer and quality, but CBD flowers typically range from CHF 8–15 per gram, with premium products costing more.

In contrast, cannabis with more than 1% THC cannot be bought legally unless prescribed for medical treatment and dispensed through authorised pharmacies. 

Recreational high-THC cannabis is only accessible on the black market, except for adults enrolled in approved pilot studies. Tourists cannot legally purchase high-THC products, and participation in pilot schemes is restricted to registered residents of the study cities. 

Visitors may buy CBD items, but they should ensure THC levels meet the national limit.

Rules on Consuming Cannabis in Switzerland

Public consumption of high-THC cannabis is unlawful, and anyone caught using it may receive a CHF 100 fine. 

Even though low-THC CBD products are legal, many cities treat their public use cautiously; police may intervene if consumption is mistaken for illegal cannabis or causes a disturbance. As a result, most users stick to private settings.

In private accommodations such as hotels or Airbnbs, use generally depends on the property’s own rules. Many hosts prohibit smoking of any kind, while others may allow it on balconies or designated outdoor areas. Tourists should always confirm policies in advance to avoid penalties or cleaning charges. 

Carrying cannabis in public is permitted only for legal CBD products or under 10 grams of high-THC cannabis for personal possession, which is not punishable but still illegal to use. 

Transporting any amount across borders is risky, as low-THC items legal in Switzerland may violate foreign laws. 

Participants in pilot trials must follow separate rules, including restricted consumption zones defined by each study.

Rules for Entering and Leaving Switzerland with Cannabis

Travellers should be aware that bringing cannabis into or out of Switzerland is illegal, regardless of whether the product is for personal use or purchased legally within the country. This restriction applies to both high-THC cannabis and low-THC CBD items. 

Even CBD cannabis flowers that meet Switzerland’s 1% threshold may exceed the legal limit elsewhere, which can result in confiscation, fines, or criminal proceedings once you cross the border.

Swiss customs officers are trained to identify cannabis products, and anyone caught transporting them can expect seizure and potential penalties, depending on the quantity and intent. 

Airport security is equally strict, and cannabis is treated as a prohibited substance during screening. Travellers who attempt to carry it may be referred to customs officials, questioned, and fined. 

The safest approach for anyone planning a trip is to avoid travelling with any cannabis products entirely, even those purchased legally within Switzerland, to prevent complications at departure or arrival points.

Understanding Enforcement and Potential Risks in Switzerland

Swiss police generally enforce cannabis laws consistently, though the level of strictness can vary slightly by canton. Officers are not known to be corrupt, and interactions are typically professional. 

For most adults, the realistic risk is a fine rather than an arrest, especially if the issue involves personal use. Being caught consuming cannabis with more than 1% THC usually results in a CHF 100 fixed penalty. At the same time, possession of under 10 grams is not punished unless there is evidence of use. Repeated offences or involvement in small-scale dealing can lead to higher monetary penalties, and trafficking larger quantities may result in imprisonment.

Tourists who buy cannabis on the street should be cautious, as illegal sellers sometimes offer poor-quality or mislabelled products, and in some cases may tip off police if they sense hesitation. 

Another common risk is confusing high-THC cannabis with legal CBD flowers, which look similar but carry very different consequences if used publicly. 

The safest approach is to rely on licensed retailers for CBD products and avoid any activity that could be interpreted as trading or distributing cannabis.

How Swiss Society Views Cannabis Use

Social attitudes toward cannabis in Switzerland are mixed but gradually shifting. 

While high-THC cannabis remains illegal, its use is relatively common among adults, and many people view occasional consumption as a personal choice rather than a moral issue. 

Public use is still frowned upon, yet most Swiss residents do not strongly condemn someone who consumes discreetly in private. 

The launch of federally approved pilot trials in several cities has also helped normalise discussion around regulated access, signalling a broadening acceptance of controlled adult use.

A visible cannabis community exists, though it tends to be low-key. CBD shops are widespread, advocacy groups operate across the country, and larger cities have networks of users who participate in research studies or support reform efforts. 

The ongoing debate about national legalisation, including parliamentary discussions in 2021 and a draft reform bill advanced in 2025, reflects this evolving cultural landscape. 

For travellers, the atmosphere is generally tolerant as long as consumption remains private and within the law.

Practical Tips for Visitors Interested in Switzerland’s Cannabis Scene

Cannabis terminology in Switzerland varies by region, but the most commonly used words include “Gras” or “Weed” for dried flower and “CBD” for legal low-THC products. 

Shops that sell CBD often advertise it clearly, so visitors rarely need slang to find legal options. Asking for “CBD Hanf” (hemp) in German-speaking areas or “chanvre CBD” in French-speaking regions is usually enough to be understood. 

High-THC cannabis, however, is not legally sold, so visitors should avoid using street terms to look for it, as doing so may attract unwanted attention or unreliable sellers.

Switzerland does not host large cannabis festivals due to its legal framework. Still, cities participating in pilot trials, such as Zurich, Basel, and Lausanne, sometimes organise public discussions or educational events linked to the studies. These are informative rather than recreational. 

As for accommodation, a few privately run Airbnbs indicate they are smoker-friendly, though this typically refers to tobacco or balconies rather than cannabis. Hotels generally prohibit smoking indoors. 

Travellers interested in cannabis tourism should confirm house rules directly with hosts, as policies vary widely and smoking restrictions are enforced strictly across the country.

Important Notes for Staying Safe and Informed

Cannabis laws in Switzerland are evolving, and ongoing pilot trials and legislative discussions mean the framework may continue to shift. 

Laws can change quickly: always check the latest local rules before buying or using any cannabis product, and rely on official sources rather than hearsay. 

Travellers should remember that recreational high-THC cannabis remains illegal nationwide and that enforcement can differ slightly across cantons, especially in public spaces.

For those interested in the local CBD market or simply curious about cannabis in Switzerland, the safest approach is to stay low-key. Using products discreetly, respecting accommodation policies, and avoiding any behaviour that could be seen as trafficking or encouraging illegal use will help prevent complications. 

Cannabis laws in Iceland are strict, and the substance remains fully illegal for both medical and recreational use. 

Authorities take enforcement seriously, particularly when it comes to selling or cultivating cannabis, which can lead to significant penalties and potential jail time. 

Even though possessing a small quantity typically does not result in imprisonment, it is still treated as an offense and usually leads to a fine.

For travelers looking for a cannabis travel guide, the reality is that Iceland does not permit any form of legal access. 

Understanding these laws is essential before planning a trip, as visitors should be aware that cannabis in Iceland is not tolerated under current legislation.

Top things to remember

• Cannabis is illegal in Iceland, and possession can lead to fines, while selling, importing, or cultivating can result in prison sentences.
• There is no legal access for tourists, and medical use is limited to specific prescription products such as Sativex.
• Public and private use both carry legal risks, and Iceland does not support cannabis tourism in any form.

Understanding Iceland’s Current Cannabis Regulations

Cannabis remains illegal in Iceland, and the law applies equally to residents and visitors. The ban dates back to the late 1960s and was later incorporated into national legislation, where it remains today. 

While using cannabis is not treated as a crime, possessing it is. Small quantities typically lead to a fine rather than jail time, but police may still intervene. More serious offenses, such as importing, exporting, selling, or cultivating cannabis, carry much harsher consequences and can result in imprisonment under the Addictive Drugs and Narcotics Act.

THC-rich products are fully prohibited, but CBD products can be sold legally as long as they comply with Icelandic regulations. This distinction matters for travelers, as THC possession remains an offense regardless of the amount. 

Tourists should also note that Iceland does not offer leniency based on visitor status; the same laws and penalties apply to everyone. 

Although there has been public debate about possible decriminalization or medical reform, no legal changes have been enacted to date.

Access to Medical Cannabis in Iceland

Iceland maintains a highly controlled approach to medical cannabis, and access is limited to very specific circumstances. 

The only cannabis-based medicine with general approval is Sativex, a prescription spray containing both THC and CBD. It may be prescribed by specialists, typically neurologists, for patients with certain conditions, such as multiple sclerosis. 

Physicians may request permission to prescribe other cannabis-derived medicines, but only if those products already hold marketing authorization in another country and if they can justify why alternatives available in Iceland are unsuitable.

These rules apply strictly to residents; tourists cannot access medical cannabis during their stay, as prescriptions must come from Icelandic specialists. 

Retail sales of THC-containing products are prohibited, and CBD items must comply with strict national regulations depending on whether they are classified as medicines or food supplements. 

Travelers who rely on medically prescribed CBD may bring it into Iceland only if it is manufactured as a medicinal product and meets the country’s import rules for personal medical use.

How Cannabis Is Sourced in Iceland

Cannabis is not legally sold anywhere in Iceland, and no dispensaries or pharmacies offer THC products for recreational or medical purchase. 

Despite this, reports indicate that a domestic, informal market has developed over the years, with cultivation increasingly shifting to rural areas in smaller, dispersed facilities. This trend began to rise after the 2008 financial crisis and appears to have continued, with authorities noting more confiscations and evidence of locally produced cannabis. Distribution typically happens through private networks or closed online groups rather than open street sales.

Tourists are not permitted to buy cannabis under any circumstances, and purchasing it through unofficial channels remains a criminal offense. 

Prices are not published officially, but anecdotal sources suggest that cannabis tends to be expensive due to Iceland’s isolated market and strict enforcement. 

Travelers should be aware that participating in this informal market carries legal risks, and penalties apply equally to residents and visitors.

Rules on Using Cannabis in Iceland

Using cannabis in Iceland is not treated as a criminal act, but possessing it is, which creates a complex situation for both residents and tourists. 

Public consumption is not allowed, and police enforcement focuses heavily on preventing possession and circulation of illegal substances. Since possession itself is prohibited, carrying cannabis in public (whether on foot or in a vehicle) can lead to fines or further investigation. This applies regardless of the amount.

Consuming cannabis in private settings such as hotels, guesthouses, or rental apartments is also legally risky because the product must first be obtained and stored, which is where possession laws come into play. 

Icelandic authorities have broad powers to enforce drug laws, including stop-and-search measures and, in some cases, surveillance in more serious investigations. 

For visitors, the safest approach is to avoid attempting to use or transport cannabis entirely, as the legal framework leaves little room for tolerated personal use.

Entering and Leaving Iceland with Cannabis

Travelers shouldn’t bring cannabis into or out of Iceland is strictly prohibited, even if it is legal in their home country. 

Icelandic drug laws apply from the moment you arrive on its territory, and customs officials actively monitor for controlled substances, including small personal amounts. Attempting to carry cannabis through Keflavík Airport, whether in checked luggage, hand luggage, or on your person, can result in confiscation, fines, or more serious consequences if authorities determine the amount suggests intent to distribute.

Airport security and customs procedures in Iceland are known for being thorough, with routine inspections and the ability to conduct additional searches when necessary. Drug-sniffing dogs are also common in airport operations. 

Anyone caught attempting to import cannabis risks being reported to the police, questioned, and potentially charged under narcotics laws. 

The same rules apply when departing Iceland, as exporting controlled substances is also a criminal offense. 

Travelers should avoid carrying any cannabis products, including THC oils, edibles, or flowers, to prevent legal complications during their trip.

How Authorities Enforce Cannabis Laws in Iceland

Law enforcement in Iceland takes cannabis regulation seriously, and the system is generally strict rather than tolerant. 

Police routinely issue fines for possession, even when the amount is small, and these cases are usually resolved through a summary procedure handled by the police commissioner. Fines follow a progressive scale, increasing with every gram found. 

While imprisonment is technically possible for personal possession, in practice, it is almost exclusively applied to more serious offenses such as selling, producing, or trafficking cannabis. 

Courts have handed down substantial prison terms in cases involving large-scale cultivation or distribution, reflecting the country’s firm stance on narcotics.

The risk of arrest for carrying cannabis is realistic, especially in urban areas where police enforcement is active and stop-and-search measures may be used. 

Corruption within law enforcement is not a feature of Iceland’s system, and interactions with police generally follow formal procedures. 

Travelers should also be cautious of informal “offers” from strangers, including through social media groups, as these can expose individuals to scams or police attention.

How Icelanders View Cannabis Today

Social attitudes toward cannabis in Iceland remain generally conservative, even though use has become more common over recent decades. 

Surveys consistently show that most of the population opposes full legalization, and public support for decriminalization has only recently begun to grow. 

Older generations tend to hold the strictest views, while younger adults are more open to reform and experimentation. 

Despite these reservations, a sizable share of Icelanders (over a third according to some studies) have tried cannabis at least once, with experimentation highest among those in their late teens and twenties. Because of these attitudes, openly using cannabis may attract negative reactions, especially in formal or family-oriented environments. Most locals still view it as a controlled substance that carries social stigma. 

A visible cannabis “scene” is limited, and there are no public spaces or events centered around it. What exists mostly operates in private settings or in online communities with restricted access. 

For travelers, this means that while cannabis use is not unheard of among residents, it is far from culturally accepted, and being discreet (while avoiding illegal activity) is essential to prevent social or legal consequences.

Practical Notes for Visitors

Travelers should be aware that Iceland does not have an open or visible cannabis scene, and asking for it directly is not recommended due to strict laws. 

Locally, people may refer to cannabis using English slang such as “weed” or “grass.” Still, there is no widely used Icelandic slang that is safe or appropriate for visitors to rely on. 

Discussions about cannabis usually take place in private circles, and approaching strangers about it may be seen as suspicious or inappropriate.

There are no cannabis-themed events, festivals, or public gatherings in Iceland, and no venues operate as weed-friendly spaces. The country’s nightlife and cultural events focus on music, arts, and food rather than cannabis culture. Likewise, accommodations such as hotels, guesthouses, and Airbnbs are not 420-friendly, and using cannabis in these spaces could put guests at legal risk because possession itself is illegal. 

For anyone planning a cannabis travel guide, the safest advice is to treat Iceland as a destination where cannabis tourism is not supported or promoted in any form.

Important Notes for Travelers

Anyone planning a trip to Iceland should keep in mind that cannabis laws remain strict and enforcement is active. 

Even though public debate about reform has increased in recent years, the legal framework has not changed, and possession is still an offense. Because policies can evolve, laws can change quickly; always check the latest local rules before traveling. This is especially relevant for visitors from countries with more relaxed regulations, as assumptions based on home laws do not apply in Iceland. 

Staying informed and cautious is the best way to ensure a trouble-free trip.

In short: No, cannabis is illegal in Sweden for recreational use, and possession of even small amounts remains a criminal offense. Medical cannabis is technically permitted, but only under a very strict and limited prescription-only regime.

As of 2025, the only legal pathway for cannabis in Sweden is medical use under license, administered by the Swedish Medical Products Agency (Läkemedelsverket), with access allowed only in exceptional cases, typically through specialist doctors prescribing imported cannabis-based products.

Top things to remember

• Cannabis is illegal for recreational use in Sweden, and possessing any amount can lead to fines or criminal charges.
• Medical cannabis access is extremely limited, requiring a specialist license; not something tourists can rely on.
• There are no legal places to buy or use weed, and traveling with THC products can cause serious trouble at customs.

Where Cannabis Stands in Swedish Law Today

In Sweden, cannabis remains broadly illegal. Recreational use, possession, sale, cultivation, and transport of cannabis (including products containing THC) are prohibited under the Narcotic Drugs (Punishment) Act (1968:64).

Possession of even small amounts for personal use is a criminal offense. Penalties for a “minor drug offense” can include substantial fines, rather than jail, especially for first-time or low-income offenders. If authorities judge the offense more serious (for example, possession with intent to supply or repeated use), penalties can reach several years in prison.

Regarding distinctions between THC and CBD: substances with THC are treated as narcotics and are illegal unless part of a narrowly regulated medical program. In contrast, CBD products without any trace of THC are not automatically classified as narcotics and are typically legal. Any detection of THC in a CBD or similar product, however, will cause it to be treated as a banned narcotic.

Laws apply equally to residents and tourists. Whether you are a Swedish citizen or a visitor, possession or use of cannabis/THC is subject to the same criminal provisions. For travelers bringing legally prescribed narcotic medicines into Sweden, there are strict import rules: the medication must be for personal use, have a valid prescription or supporting documentation, and quantities must stay within defined limits.

Sweden’s Strict Medical Marijuana Framework

Medical cannabis in Sweden is technically legal, but only under very restricted conditions. The Läkemedelsverket (the Swedish Medical Products Agency, or MPA) closely regulates access. Among the few approved options is Sativex, a THC/CBD mouth spray authorized since 2011, primarily for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

To qualify, a patient must first have tried and failed standard treatments. Only specialist physicians (not general practitioners) may apply for a license on behalf of a patient, demonstrating a clear clinical need, such as chronic neuropathic pain, severe MS-related spasticity, or treatment-resistant symptoms. The license is typically issued for three months; if cannabis improves the patient’s quality of life, the prescription can be renewed (sometimes up to a year).

As for tourists, even if medical cannabis is legal for residents with a license, tourists generally cannot access cannabis treatments in Sweden. Entry for narcotic medicines requires appropriate prescription documentation. If you travel to Sweden with a medical cannabis product, you must present a valid prescription and proof that it’s for your personal use, and even then, only approved medicinal formulations (like Sativex) stand a chance of being accepted.

Where (and Whether) You Can Buy Cannabis in Sweden

Cannabis and THC-containing products are not sold legally in Sweden through dispensaries or commercial outlets. The only lawfully available cannabis-derived medicines are tightly controlled items (like the prescription spray Sativex) dispensed through conventional pharmacies and only to patients authorized under a strict medical license.

No legal dispensaries or shops are selling recreational cannabis, and cultivation or distribution of THC products remains criminal under the national narcotics law. As a result, for a regular visitor or a tourist, there is no lawful option to “buy weed” in Sweden, and purchasing from black-market sources carries legal risk.

What is easier to find are CBD products, but only those that are guaranteed to contain zero THC. These “isolate” or THC-free CBD oils and items may be sold legally; any trace of THC renders them narcotic under Swedish law.

Due to the strict prohibition of THC, there is no standard “street market price” available in any legitimate or official sources.

Rules on Where You Can and Cannot Use Cannabis in Sweden

Sweden enforces zero-tolerance rules when it comes to cannabis use in public or private spaces. Since recreational cannabis is illegal nationwide, smoking or consuming it in any public setting (streets, parks, clubs, or venues) is treated as a criminal offense. Police actively patrol and may request a drug test if they suspect use, and a positive result can lead to fines or more serious penalties.

Private accommodation, such as hotels or Airbnbs, does not offer legal protection. Even inside a private room, cannabis use still falls under the Narcotic Drugs Act, and staff have the right to report suspected illegal activity. Carrying cannabis while traveling within the country on public transport, by car, or even storing it in luggage is also considered possession and can result in legal consequences.

Because laws apply equally to locals and tourists, visitors have no special exemptions. Whether you consume outside or behind closed doors, possessing or using cannabis risks fines, deportation measures, or even jail for more serious offenses.

Can You Travel to Sweden with Cannabis?

Traveling to or from Sweden with cannabis is strongly prohibited, whether you’re a resident or a visitor. Under Swedish law, bringing in or out any substance classified as a narcotic (including cannabis and THC-containing products) is forbidden, unless it has been explicitly approved and is carried under strict medical dispensation.

At customs, if you are caught carrying cannabis (even small amounts), officials may seize the substance, and you risk criminal prosecution. Convictions for possession, import, or export of illegal drugs can result in fines or jail time.

Airport security and border authorities in Sweden enforce these rules seriously. There is no tolerance for misleading packaging or expired prescriptions: only approved narcotic medicines accompanied by valid prescriptions (and often a doctor’s certificate) are permitted.

Enforcement of Cannabis Laws: Police, Risks & What to Watch Out For

In Sweden, enforcement of cannabis laws is handled firmly and consistently. Under the Narcotic Drugs (Punishments) Act (1968:64), the use, possession, sale, supply, or transport of cannabis is illegal; the state views all non-medical cannabis as a prohibited narcotic. Police are legally empowered to intervene not only when there is evidence of sale or trafficking, but also for personal use or possession of small amounts, which remain criminal offenses.

Because of this, the real risk of arrest or fine for carrying or using cannabis in Sweden is quite tangible. For a “minor drug offense” (for example, small-scale possession or personal use), the likely penalty is a daily fine, rather than jail, though even fines can be substantial, adjusted to your income. More serious offenses, like possession with intent to sell, trafficking, or possession of larger quantities, can trigger prison sentences ranging from 2 to 10 years, depending on the scale and aggravating factors.

Given the legal risks and active enforcement, public or private use of cannabis is risky, and even carrying products can result in legal consequences. Police in Sweden have broad powers: under past reforms, they are authorized to request blood or urine samples from anyone suspected of drug use (even if there’s no public disturbance), which means passive suspicion alone can lead to action.

Regarding scams or common risks: because recreational cannabis is illegal and all trade occurs underground, consumers face the typical hazards associated with illicit markets. These include unpredictable product quality (e.g., high THC levels), unregulated supply chains, and the danger that a “deal” could lead to criminal charges rather than just a purchase. In other words, buying from non-authorized sources equates to participating in criminal activity. Also, since law enforcement frequently targets street-level distribution networks, individuals buying or carrying cannabis may inadvertently expose themselves not only to fines or jail time, but also to additional legal scrutiny or records that can affect residency status, employment, or travel.

Social and Cultural Attitudes Toward Cannabis in Sweden

Overall, cannabis remains socially stigmatized in Sweden. Even though it is the most commonly used illicit drug, annual use rates are relatively low: in 2024, only about 3.5% of men and 1.6% of women aged 16–84 reported using cannabis in the past 12 months. Among younger adults (aged 16–29), the numbers are somewhat higher: 7.4% of men and 5.1% of women reported past-year use.

Because of the strong prohibitionist laws and public messaging, many Swedes still view cannabis use as socially unacceptable or “dangerous.” Public perception tends to emphasize the risks rather than possible benefits; in a recent qualitative study of young adults, even some cannabis users said that prevention campaigns focusing only on harm felt exaggerated, but the broader public remains generally wary.

There is no widespread or openly visible “cannabis culture” in Sweden comparable to places where cannabis is legal. While a minority do use cannabis, users often remain discreet. In social settings, admitting to using cannabis can still provoke judgment or suspicion.

Practical Tips for Visitors Regarding Cannabis in Sweden

Because cannabis is illegal in Sweden, there is no safe or recommended way to seek it out, and asking strangers for drugs can draw unwanted attention. In Swedish slang, gräs (grass), knark (drugs), or weed in English may be understood, but using these terms publicly can easily lead to suspicion or police intervention. Local users tend to be discreet, specifically to avoid legal issues.

There are no licensed weed-friendly cafés, lounges, or events. Occasional underground gatherings or 4/20 meetups may exist within tight social circles, but they are not promoted openly, and attending them as a traveler could involve legal and personal risks.

Accommodation policies also reflect national drug laws and do not permit smoking cannabis. Landlords or hosts may report suspected drug use. Sweden has no “420-friendly” lodging culture like in some other travel destinations.

The most realistic “tip” for travelers is caution: avoid discussing cannabis casually, do not attempt to buy it, and focus instead on the legal side of Sweden’s tourism scene. Staying informed and respectful of local laws will keep your trip enjoyable and stress-free.

Responsible Travel Reminder for Cannabis Users

If you are planning a trip to Sweden and are curious about cannabis, the safest and smartest approach is to respect the country’s strict legal stance fully. Recreational cannabis remains illegal, and authorities enforce drug laws seriously. Because regulations surrounding controlled medicines can evolve, laws can change quickly, so it’s essential to check the latest official guidelines before traveling or carrying prescription cannabinoid products.

As a visitor, staying informed, avoiding risky situations, and keeping conversations low-key will help you enjoy Sweden without legal trouble. Focus on the many legal attractions the country offers and avoid bringing or seeking cannabis during your stay. Always act responsibly and with awareness of local expectations; a respectful attitude ensures a smooth trip and protects your safety.

Short answer: partly.

Recreational marijuana is illegal in Portugal, but personal-use follows different rules. You can’t legally buy, sell, or grow it, yet having a small amount for yourself is decriminalized. This means you won’t normally face criminal charges. Medical cannabis is legal and controlled by the government. Industrial hemp products are allowed, provided they meet EU rules.

Top things to remember

• Possession of small amounts usually leads to civil measures, not criminal charges.
• Medical cannabis is legal and requires a prescription.
• Recreational sales remain prohibited and tourists should avoid street sellers.

Understanding How Cannabis Laws Work in Portugal

Cannabis in Portugal falls into a unique legal category that visitors should understand before traveling. Recreational marijuana remains illegal, but the country has followed a policy of decriminalization since 2001. Possession of small, personal-use quantities is a civil infraction instead of a criminal offense.

The general guideline for what is considered personal use is the amount estimated for ten days of consumption:

• Up to around 25 g of cannabis flower
• About 5 g of hashish

Exceeding those limits may lead to criminal charges related to drug use or trafficking.

Medical cannabis is legal and regulated under specific legislation. At the same time, CBD and hemp products are allowed if they meet EU requirements. For tourists, the rules are the same as for residents: no criminal penalties for personal possession, but production, sale, and public consumption remain illegal.

The Current Situation of Medical Cannabis in Portugal

The government approved medical cannabis in 2018. The key laws are Law no. 33/2018 and Decree-Law no. 8/2019, which set the rules for cultivation, import, distribution, and patient access. Patients must receive a special prescription and can only access cannabis-based medicines when standard treatments are ineffective or produce serious side effects.

For international visitors, the rules are strict: tourists generally cannot access medical cannabis unless they have the appropriate prescription and documentation. This keeps the system tightly regulated while still allowing eligible patients access.

For travelers researching cannabis in Portugal or planning cannabis tourism, medical access exists but remains limited to those who qualify under national rules.

How Cannabis Purchases Work in Portugal

The country does not have dispensaries or licensed stores selling THC products for recreation. The only legal sales channels are pharmacies, and these are limited to approved medical cannabis products for patients with a valid prescription. For anyone researching cannabis in Portugal or planning cannabis tourism, this distinction is crucial.

Because recreational sales are illegal, tourists cannot legally buy marijuana within Portugal. Some visitors turn to informal or black-market sources, but this remains illegal and is not considered safe or advisable.

Industrial hemp is legal under specific rules and can be grown locally. Still, CBD retail remains a complex area due to EU novel food regulation and Portuguese enforcement agencies treating extracts as controlled substances.

Rules for Using Cannabis in Public and Private Spaces

Even though possession of small, personal-use amounts is decriminalized, public use is technically still illegal in Portugal. In practice, you will see people consuming cannabis in certain places such as parks, beaches, artistic neighborhoods, and nightlife districts. As long as it’s discreet, away from children, and not disturbing others, most people don’t react or get involved. However, this doesn’t mean it’s officially allowed. At night, especially in busy bar and nightclub areas, there may be undercover police checking what people are carrying. If someone is over the legal personal-use limits, they can be stopped, questioned, and the cannabis may be seized. Larger quantities can also lead to an investigation or referral for drug treatment.

Private spaces are more flexible, and smoking in your own accommodation, hotel room, or Airbnb may be permitted under house rules. It’s always safest to confirm with the property first.

Rules for Entering or Leaving Portugal With Cannabis

Bringing recreational cannabis into or out of Portugal is illegal, regardless of the quantity. Border authorities treat the transport of THC products as a controlled-substance issue under Portugal’s drug legislation, and travelers who attempt to import or export it without authorization may face fines, confiscation, or further investigation.

For medical cannabis, the rules are different but still strict: travelers must carry a prescription and a medical letter explaining the need for the medication. INFARMED (the national medicines authority) advises that visitors may take only the amount needed for up to 30 days and recommends bringing documentation to show at customs if requested.

Airport controls in Portugal are generally strict regarding controlled substances, but procedures focus more on verification than on punishment. Travelers caught carrying recreational cannabis at customs may have it confiscated and could be questioned about trafficking.

How Police Handle Cannabis and What Risks Travelers Should Know

Law enforcement in Portugal generally focuses on public safety rather than punitive measures. Police are not known for aggressive enforcement of small possession, and the legal framework emphasizes health support rather than arrest. Suppose someone is caught with amounts below the personal-use limit. In that case, the most common outcome is confiscation or referral to a Dissuasion Commission, which evaluates the situation from a public health perspective. Larger quantities, dealing, and trafficking remain serious criminal offenses and can lead to prosecution.

The realistic risk of arrest for personal-use amounts is low, but fines and administrative procedures are possible. Public consumption can draw attention from authorities and may result in penalties. Visitors should also be cautious in nightlife and tourist districts where street sellers approach travelers. These vendors often claim to sell marijuana, yet the product may be fake or unsafe.

How Portuguese Society Views Cannabis Use

Portugal generally has a relaxed attitude toward personal drug use, and that includes cannabis. The country’s shift to a public health model in 2001 changed how society views these substances. Most locals don’t view occasional cannabis use as shocking or socially unacceptable, as long as it is discreet and doesn’t cause disturbances.

In private settings or among friends, cannabis use is often tolerated, especially in urban areas like Lisbon and Porto. Younger generations and creative communities tend to be more open to it. At the same time, older or more traditional groups may still view it with caution. There is also a growing presence of CBD shops, cannabis cafés, wellness stores, and harm-reduction organizations, which contribute to a visible cannabis-friendly scene without breaking the law.

Practical Tips for Visitors and Cannabis Travelers

On the streets, you might hear informal slang like erva, ganja, or charro when people refer to marijuana. However, openly asking strangers for cannabis is discouraged, especially in tourist zones where many street sellers offer poor-quality or fake products. If you are looking for legal options, the safest choice is to stick to licensed CBD or hemp retailers, which are now common in major cities.

Cultural events and alternative music festivals may attract cannabis-friendly crowds, but consumption still remains subject to local laws. As for accommodation, some guesthouses and private rentals advertise themselves as “420-friendly” on international booking platforms, but this depends entirely on the property’s rules. Always confirm with the host beforehand.

Final Notes and Safe-Travel Reminder

If your goal is to understand cannabis in Portugal and how the laws apply to tourists, the most critical takeaway is to stay informed and stay within the legal framework. Regulations can evolve, so it is always a good idea to check the most recent rules from the official Portuguese authorities before you travel. Remember that decriminalization doesn’t mean full legalization, and activities such as selling, importing, or openly consuming cannabis remain prohibited.

Keep personal-use amounts low, avoid street sellers, and never transport cannabis across borders without proper medical documentation. Safe, responsible behavior will keep your trip enjoyable while staying on the right side of the law.