Cannabis laws in Amsterdam are famously relaxed – but not entirely clear-cut.
Technically, marijuana is not legal in the Netherlands. However, it’s decriminalized for personal use under a unique policy called gedoogbeleid (tolerance policy). This means that while possessing up to 5 grams of cannabis is still against the law, it won’t usually result in prosecution. The police may confiscate it, but you won’t be arrested or charged in most cases.
Licensed coffeeshops are allowed to sell small quantities of cannabis to adults, provided they follow strict rules. But behind the scenes, growing, transporting, or possessing large amounts of weed is still illegal. This legal grey area creates a system where buying and using cannabis is tolerated – but only in specific, controlled settings.
Top things to remember
- Cannabis is decriminalized, not legal: Possession of up to 5 grams is tolerated, but technically, it is still against the law.
- Only licensed coffeeshops can sell cannabis: Tourists aged 18+ with valid ID can buy and use weed inside these venues.
- Don’t bring weed in or out of the country: Importing or exporting cannabis is strictly illegal and can lead to serious penalties.
Overview of Cannabis Laws in Amsterdam
Cannabis in Amsterdam operates under a unique legal framework that’s best described as tolerated but not legal. The Dutch government maintains a policy of gedoogbeleid, which allows the sale and possession of small quantities of cannabis under strict conditions, without formally legalizing it.
For personal possession, adults are allowed to carry up to 5 grams of cannabis. While technically illegal, this amount is decriminalized, meaning you won’t be prosecuted, although police can still confiscate it. Possessing more than 5 grams, cultivating plants, or transporting cannabis can lead to fines or criminal charges, especially if larger quantities are involved.
CBD (cannabidiol) products containing less than 0.05% THC are legal and widely available. Anything with higher THC levels falls under the tolerated cannabis policy and must be purchased from licensed coffeeshops.
Tourists and locals are generally subject to the same rules in Amsterdam. Unlike some Dutch cities (such as Maastricht), Amsterdam still allows tourists to buy weed from coffeeshops, as long as they are 18 or older and show valid ID. That said, this policy is determined at the municipal level, and there have been ongoing debates about whether to restrict access in the future.
Coffeeshops must follow strict regulations, including bans on advertising, selling alcohol, or being located near schools. New licenses are rarely granted, and closures are often permanent, part of a broader policy to slowly reduce their number.
Medical Marijuana Status in Amsterdam
Medical cannabis is legal in Amsterdam and throughout the Netherlands. Since 2003, Dutch patients have been able to access prescription cannabis, known locally as “Mediwiet”, through licensed pharmacies. This system is regulated by the Office of Medicinal Cannabis, a government body that oversees the production and distribution of medical marijuana products.
There are currently five standardized varieties of medical cannabis available, each with different ratios of THC and CBD. One of these contains mostly CBD and very low levels of THC, intended for patients who need the therapeutic effects of cannabis without the psychoactive impact.
To qualify, Dutch residents must obtain a prescription from a licensed doctor. Medical cannabis is typically recommended for chronic conditions such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, cancer-related pain, or severe nausea.
Tourists do not have access to the medical cannabis program. Pharmacies will only dispense Mediwiet to individuals with a valid Dutch prescription. Visitors must rely on the recreational coffeeshop system, which is separate and not intended for therapeutic use.
Buying Cannabis in Amsterdam
In Amsterdam, cannabis is primarily sold through licensed coffeeshops, not pharmacies or the illicit black market (though the latter still supplies these venues). These establishments operate legally under the tolerance policy and are the only legitimate option for tourists to purchase cannabis.
Where to Buy
- Coffeeshops: Adults (18+) with valid ID can legally buy and consume cannabis here. Tourists and locals are treated equally in Amsterdam. These shops cannot sell alcohol and must follow strict rules, including bans on advertising, sales near schools, and bulk quantities.
- Black market: Although illegal, it still exists. However, buying from the back door is risky and discouraged.
Typical Prices
- Loose cannabis (per gram): Usually €8–€20, with most standard strains priced €10–€15.
- Premium or specialty strains: €15–€30 per gram.
- Pre-rolled joints: €5–€15 each, depending on size and strain quality.
- Edibles (brownies, cookies): €5–€15 each.
- Hash: €5–€35, depending on quality.
Prices can vary based on location, and central tourist areas tend to be pricier. For better value, consider coffeeshops away from the main tourist drag.
Legal Access for Tourists
Yes, tourists can legally purchase cannabis in Amsterdam coffeeshops, provided they:
- Are 18 or older.
- Have a valid photo ID (e.g., passport or driver’s license).
- Follow the coffeeshop’s rules (no alcohol, no excessive amounts, etc.).
Municipal authorities control policies locally; while cities like Maastricht restrict visitors, Amsterdam continues to welcome tourists with no residency requirement.
Where You Can and Can’t Use It
While cannabis is tolerated in Amsterdam, where you smoke it matters a lot. The city has clear boundaries around public consumption, and tourists should be aware of where it’s allowed and where it’s not.
Public Spaces
You might see people smoking on the street, but that doesn’t mean it’s fully allowed. Technically, smoking cannabis in public is tolerated in many areas but not officially legal. In 2023, Amsterdam introduced new rules to clean up its busiest neighborhoods.
You can now be fined up to €100 for smoking cannabis in areas like the Red Light District, Dam Square, Damrak, and Nieuwmarkt, part of a new blowverbod (smoking ban). Enforcement is real, so avoid lighting up in crowded or central spots.
Coffeeshops & Private Spaces
Coffeeshops remain the safest place to smoke. You can consume cannabis on-site, but due to the national tobacco ban (in effect since 2008), you can only smoke pure joints or use vaporizers/bongs inside the main room. Mixed joints (with tobacco) must be smoked in designated smoking areas.
In Airbnbs, hotels, and private rentals, usage depends on the property owner’s rules. Some allow it, others strictly prohibit it. Always ask first to avoid cleaning fees or penalties.
Carrying Cannabis Around
You’re allowed to carry up to 5 grams of cannabis on your person. It’s best to keep it in a sealed container and avoid smoking while walking or biking. If police stop you with more than the allowed amount, they can confiscate it or issue a fine, and larger quantities may lead to legal trouble.
Travelling there with Weed
Bringing cannabis into or out of the Netherlands, including Amsterdam, is strictly illegal, even though the country has a tolerant approach to personal use within its borders. Dutch law draws a clear line between consumption and trafficking, and customs enforcement reflects that.
Importing or exporting cannabis can result in severe penalties. Possession of large quantities or attempting to cross a border with weed may lead to up to 4 years in prison and more if other drugs are involved. Amsterdam Schiphol Airport enforces a zero-tolerance policy for drug possession. Travelers are routinely screened, and suspicious passengers can be subject to full-body scans or even internal drug smuggling checks.
If you’re caught with cannabis at the airport, expect legal consequences, even for small amounts. Authorities are particularly strict when it comes to passengers arriving from or departing to drug trafficking hotspots. Penalties can include arrest, confiscation, fines, or imprisonment.
It’s also illegal to drive under the influence of cannabis in the Netherlands. Police can administer drug tests after accidents or suspicious behavior. If you’re found to be impaired, you could face license suspension or jail time, especially in the case of an accident.
Law Enforcement and Risks
In Amsterdam, cannabis laws are enforced with a mix of pragmatism and regulation. While the Dutch system is known for its tolerant approach, there are still legal limits, and crossing them can lead to consequences.
Police generally do not arrest people for possessing small amounts of cannabis (under 5 grams) or using it in designated places like coffeeshops. However, they may confiscate your weed if you’re caught smoking in restricted areas or carrying more than the permitted amount. The city introduced partial smoking bans in public zones, and those who ignore them can face fines of up to €100.
Corruption is not a concern in Dutch law enforcement. Police officers are professional and act within a clear legal framework. If you’re respectful and follow the rules, you’re unlikely to encounter any issues.
That said, there are still risks tourists should be aware of. The biggest one isn’t the police; it’s scams and street dealers. Unlicensed sellers may offer weed or other drugs in busy tourist spots. These products are often low-quality, overpriced, or even fake. Buying outside a coffeeshop is illegal and could put you at risk of fines, arrest, or worse.
Cultural Attitudes
Cannabis use is generally socially accepted in Amsterdam, especially compared to other European cities. The Dutch approach is rooted in harm reduction and personal freedom, which has shaped a relaxed public attitude, particularly in urban areas like Amsterdam, where cannabis culture is part of daily life and tourism.
That said, it’s not a free pass for open use everywhere. Most locals don’t consume cannabis regularly, and some may view it as a “tourist thing.” Lighting up in inappropriate places, like busy streets, family parks, or residential areas, may draw disapproving looks, not necessarily for using weed but for being inconsiderate. Respect for personal space and public order is a key aspect of Dutch culture.
Amsterdam also has a long-standing cannabis community, made up of coffeeshop owners, consumers, advocates, and artists. While there’s no formal club system like in Barcelona, many coffeeshops offer a relaxed, communal vibe. Some host cannabis-related events, 4/20 meetups, or educational activities. However, this scene is more quietly embedded in daily culture than outwardly celebrated.
Useful Local Tips
If you’re planning to enjoy cannabis in Amsterdam, knowing a few local customs and terms can go a long way in helping you blend in and stay safe.
How to Ask for Cannabis
While English is widely spoken, locals may refer to cannabis using slang like:
- Wiet (pronounced “veet”) – the Dutch word for weed
- Hasj – hash
- Jointje – small joint
- Spacecake – edible (often a cake or brownie)
In coffeeshops, simply asking for “weed,” “hash,” or checking the menu (usually posted or behind the counter) is enough. Staff are used to tourists and will usually explain the strains and effects if asked.
Cannabis-Friendly Events & Places
Amsterdam doesn’t have a major cannabis festival like 4/20 in some cities, but the culture is ever-present. Notable mentions include:
- Cannabis Liberation Day (formerly held in Flevopark; currently on pause)
- Occasional events or workshops hosted by pro-cannabis groups or coffeeshops
- 420-friendly museums like the Hash Marihuana & Hemp Museum in De Wallen
While smoking inside bars and clubs is generally not allowed, many coffeeshops have chill areas to hang out, and a few offer vaporizers or game nights.
Weed-Friendly Accommodation
Although Amsterdam doesn’t have many officially “420-friendly” hotels, some accommodations are more relaxed:
- A few hostels (especially in the city center) allow smoking in designated lounges or on terraces.
- Private rentals or Airbnbs may permit cannabis use, but always check with the host beforehand.
- Look for keywords like “smoking allowed” or “coffeeshop nearby” in listings.
Being discreet and respectful is key. Smoking in non-designated areas, especially indoors, could result in cleaning fees or complaints.
Final Advice / Disclaimer
Cannabis in Amsterdam may be widely tolerated, but it’s still regulated, and the rules can shift with political or municipal decisions. Laws can change quickly, so always check the latest local guidelines before your trip, especially if you plan to visit areas outside the city where different restrictions may apply.
Use common sense: stick to licensed coffeeshops, respect possession limits, and avoid smoking in restricted public zones. Don’t attempt to travel with cannabis, even within Europe, and never buy from unlicensed street dealers.
Above all, travel smart, discreetly, and respectfully. Amsterdam’s open-minded approach relies on personal responsibility: follow the rules, and you’ll have a relaxed and enjoyable visit without legal trouble.